Shin kun san hakanAluminumya zama kashi 75% -80% na jirgin sama na zamani?!
Tarihin aluminum a cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya yana komawa baya. A gaskiya an yi amfani da aluminum a cikin jirgin sama kafin ma a ƙirƙira jiragen sama. A ƙarshen karni na 19, Count Ferdinand Zeppelin ya yi amfani da aluminium don yin firam ɗin shahararrun jiragen sama na Zeppelin.
Aluminum ya dace don kera jirgin sama saboda nauyi ne da ƙarfi. Aluminum shine kusan kashi uku na nauyin ƙarfe, yana ba da damar jirgin sama ya ɗauki nauyin nauyi kuma ko ya zama mai inganci. Bugu da ƙari, babban juriya na aluminum ga lalata yana tabbatar da amincin jirgin da fasinjojinsa.
Darajojin Aluminum gama gari
2024- Yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin fatun jirgi, shanu, tsarin jirgin sama. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don gyarawa da sabuntawa.
3003- Wannan takardar aluminium ana amfani dashi ko'ina don shayarwa da ɗorawa.
5052– Anfi amfani da su wajen kera tankunan mai. 5052 yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata (musamman a aikace-aikacen ruwa).
6061- Yawanci ana amfani da tabarmar saukar jirgin sama da sauran abubuwan da ba na jirgin sama ba.
7075– Yawanci ana amfani da shi don ƙarfafa tsarin jirgin sama. 7075 babbar gawa ce mai ƙarfi kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan maki da ake amfani da su a masana'antar jirgin sama (kusa da 2024).
Tarihin Aluminum a cikin Masana'antar Aerospace
'Yan'uwan Wright
Ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1903, 'yan'uwan Wright sun yi jirgin farko na mutum a duniya tare da jirginsu, Wright Flyer.
Wright Brother's Wright Flyer
A lokacin, injinan motoci suna da nauyi sosai kuma ba su isar da isasshen ƙarfin da za su iya tashi ba, don haka ’yan’uwan Wright suka gina injin na musamman wanda a cikinsa aka kera tubalin silinda da sauran sassa daga aluminum.
Kamar yadda aluminum ba ta ko'ina kuma yana da tsada sosai, jirgin da kansa an yi shi ne daga sitka spruce da firam ɗin bamboo wanda aka lulluɓe da zane. Saboda ƙarancin saurin iskar da ƙarancin ƙarfin haɓakar ɗagawa na jirgin, kiyaye firam ɗin nauyi mai nauyi yana da mahimmanci kuma itace ita ce kawai abin da zai yuwu ya isa ya tashi, amma yana da ƙarfi don ɗaukar nauyin da ake buƙata.
Zai ɗauki fiye da shekaru goma don amfani da aluminum ya zama mafi yaduwa.
Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya
Jiragen saman katako sun yi tambarinsu a farkon lokacin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, amma a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, aluminum mai nauyi ya fara maye gurbin itace a matsayin muhimmin bangaren kera sararin samaniya.
A cikin 1915 mai tsara jirgin Jamus Hugo Junkers ya kera cikakken jirgin saman ƙarfe na farko a duniya; Junkers J 1 monoplane. An yi fuselage ɗinsa daga wani allo na aluminum wanda ya haɗa da jan karfe, magnesium da manganese.
Farashin J1
Golden Age of Aviation
Lokacin tsakanin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya zo da ake kira Golden Age of Aviation
A cikin shekarun 1920, Amurkawa da Turawa sun fafata a gasar tseren jirgin sama, wanda ya haifar da sabbin abubuwa na kere-kere da aiki. An maye gurbin biplanes da ƙarin ingantattun jirage masu saukar ungulu kuma an sami canji zuwa duk firam ɗin ƙarfe waɗanda aka yi daga allunan aluminium.
"Tin Goose"
A cikin 1925, Ford Motor Co. ya shiga cikin masana'antar jirgin sama. Henry Ford ya kera jirgin mai lamba 4-AT, injina guda uku, da karfen karfe ta hanyar amfani da tarkacen aluminum. Wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "The Tin Goose", ya zama abin bugu nan take tare da fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin sama.
A tsakiyar 1930s, wani sabon siffar jirgin sama mai ɗorewa ya fito, tare da injuna da yawa ƙunshe, ja da baya da kayan saukarwa, masu fafutuka masu canzawa, da ginin almumin mai cike da damuwa.
Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, ana buƙatar aluminum don aikace-aikacen soja da yawa - musamman gina firam ɗin jirgin sama - wanda ya haifar da samar da aluminium ya tashi.
Bukatar aluminium ya kasance mai girma cewa a cikin 1942, WOR-NYC ta watsa shirye-shiryen rediyon "Aluminum for Defence" don ƙarfafa Amurkawa su ba da gudummawar aluminium a cikin yaƙin. An ƙarfafa sake yin amfani da Aluminum, kuma "Tinfoil Drives" ya ba da tikitin fina-finai kyauta don musanya ƙwallayen foil na aluminum.
A cikin lokacin daga Yuli 1940 zuwa Agusta 1945, Amurka ta samar da jirgin sama mai ban mamaki 296,000. Fiye da rabi an yi su ne daga aluminum. Masana'antar sararin samaniyar Amurka ta sami damar biyan bukatun sojojin Amurka, da kuma kawayen Amurka ciki har da Burtaniya. A mafi girma a cikin 1944, kamfanonin jiragen sama na Amurka suna kera jirage 11 a kowace awa.
A ƙarshen yaƙin, Amurka ce ta fi ƙarfin ƙarfin iska a duniya.
Zamanin zamani
Tun daga karshen yakin, aluminum ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na kera jiragen sama. Yayin da abun da ke ciki na aluminum gami ya inganta, amfanin aluminum ya kasance iri ɗaya. Aluminum yana ba masu zanen kaya damar gina jirgin sama mai haske kamar yadda zai yiwu, zai iya ɗaukar kaya masu nauyi, yana amfani da mafi ƙarancin man fetur kuma ba shi da tsatsa.
The Concorde
A cikin kera jiragen sama na zamani, ana amfani da aluminum ko'ina. The Concorde, wanda ya yi jigilar fasinjoji sama da ninki biyu na saurin sauti na tsawon shekaru 27, an gina shi da fatar aluminum.
Boeing 737, jirgin sama na kasuwanci mafi siyar da jet wanda ya sanya tafiye-tafiyen iska ga talakawa gaskiya, kashi 80% na aluminum.
Jiragen na yau suna amfani da aluminum a cikin fuselage, fikafikan fikafikai, da rudder, bututun shaye-shaye, kofa da benaye, kujeru, injin injin injina, da na'urar injin kokfit.
Binciken sararin samaniya
Aluminum yana da kima ba kawai a cikin jiragen sama ba amma a cikin jiragen sama, inda ƙananan nauyi tare da matsakaicin ƙarfi ya fi mahimmanci. A shekara ta 1957, Tarayyar Soviet ta harba tauraron dan adam na farko, Sputnik 1, wanda aka yi daga aluminum gami.
Duk jiragen sama na zamani sun ƙunshi 50% zuwa 90% aluminum gami. An yi amfani da alluran aluminium da yawa akan kumbon Apollo, tashar sararin samaniyar Skylab, Jiragen Saman Sararin Samaniya da Tashar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya.
Jirgin saman Orion - a halin yanzu yana ci gaba - an yi shi ne don ba da damar binciken ɗan adam na taurari da Mars. Mai ƙera, Lockheed Martin, ya zaɓi gawa na aluminium-lithium don manyan abubuwan haɗin ginin Orion.
Skylab Space Station
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-20-2023